Cancer and hereditary effects must be handled separately in the stochastic effects. Reasons; 1) Cancer is confirmed as the late effects of radiation by the follow-up studies of the atomic bomb survivors. 2) Hereditary effects have never been found in human beings in spite of the extensive investigation on the atomic bomb survivors. 3) The public may believe that the risk of cancer and the risk of hereditary effects are similar, and worry about hereditary effects much more than cancer, simply because cancer and hereditary effects have been handled together in the title of stochastic effects in ICRP publications.